Innermost intercostal muscle
The innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscles deep to the plane that contains the intercostal nerves and intercostal vessels and the internal intercostal muscles. These are divided into:
- transversus thoracis anteriorly.
- lateral muscle slips laterally (which cross a single intercostal space).
- subcostalis posteriorly (which often cross more than one intercostal space).
Actions: Through adduction of upper ribs to the lower ribs the muscles narrow intercostal slits and diminish thorax volume, therefore the muscles represent expiratory muscles.
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